Thyramide signal amplification (TSA) is the most versatile and effective way to enhance the intensity of the fluorescent signal, used in immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The TSA method is based on the ability of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide to convert a labeled tyramine-containing substrate into an oxidized, highly reactive free radical that covalently binds to the tyrosine residues of protein molecules located next to it.

Compared to conventional procedures, the TSA method increases the sensitivity of immunofluorescent detection of target molecules by more than 100 times, making it particularly suitable for detecting low-concentration targets. In applications where increased detection sensitivity is not required, TSA can significantly reduce antibody or probe concentrations without loss of signal intensity, thereby reducing background staining due to cross-reactivity or non-specific binding of antibodies.

Since the binding of the tyramide label is covalent, tyramides of different dyes can be used in several sequential rounds of TSA staining to detect multiple targets in the same sample.

We offer full spectra of fluorescent tyramide conjugates suitable for immunochemical and other applications.